Help:Images

Important note: When you edit this page, you agree to release your contribution into the public domain. If you don't want this or can't do this because of license restrictions, please don't edit. This page is one of the Public Domain Help Pages, which can be freely copied into fresh wiki installations and/or distributed with MediaWiki software; see Help:Contents for an overview of all pages. See Project:PD help/Copying for instructions.

This page explains the image syntax when editing the wiki. You or another user must usually upload an image before you can use it on a page.

Single image

Syntax

The full syntax for displaying an image is:

 [[File:{file_name}|{options}|{caption}]]

Where options can be zero or more of the following, separated by pipes:

• border, frame, thumb, or frameless: Controls how the image is formatted
• left, right, center, none: Controls the horizontal alignment (and floatting style) of the image within a text
• baseline, sub, super, top, text-top, middle, bottom, text-bottom: Controls the vertical alignment of the image within a text
• {width} px: Resizes the image to the given width in pixels
• {width}x{height}px: Resizes the image to fit within the given width and height in pixels; it is possible to specify only the height by writing x{height}px
  • Note that the image will always retain its aspect ratio.
• link={destination}: Allows to link to an arbitrary title, URL or just nowhere (1.14+)
  • link= : Will display an image without link, e.g. [[File:Example.jpg|20px|link=Help:Images]] → .
  • Note that link cannot be used in conjunction with thumb as thumb is always meant to link to the larger version of the image. In addition, link cannot be used with frame.
• alt={alternative text}: For changing the alternative text (alt="") of an image (1.14+)
• Special cases:
  • page=1: Displays the specified page when showing a djvu or pdf file

The options can be given in any order. If the given options conflict each other, the latter is applied, except for the format options, where the options take the priority in the order of frame, thumb, and frameless and/or border.

If a parameter does not match any of the other possibilities, it is assumed to be the caption text. Caption text shows below the image in thumb and frame formats and as mouseover-text in border, frameless or omitted. Caption text in thumb and frame can contain wiki links and other formatting. In the other options, wiki-formatting will not work though transclusion will.

If no caption text is supplied, a caption is automatically created showing the file name. To completely remove the caption, set it to <span title=""></span>. For example, [[File:Example.jpg|20px|<span title=""></span>]] → .

Format

The following table shows the effect of all available formats.

Description	You type	You get
no format specified Rendered as a floatting block: no Rendered inline: yes	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
border results in a very small gray border Rendered as a floatting block: no Rendered inline: yes	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|border|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
frameless, like thumbnail, respect user preferences for image width, but without border and no right float Rendered as a floatting block: no Rendered inline: yes	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|frameless|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
frameless and border Rendered as a floatting block: no Rendered inline: yes	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|frameless|border|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
frame Rendered as a floatting block: yes Rendered inline: no	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|frame|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text caption text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
thumb or thumbnail Rendered as a floatting block: yes Rendered inline: no	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|thumb|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text caption text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

When the height of an image in thumbnail is bigger than its width (i.e. in portrait orientation rather than lansdscape) and you find it too outstanding, you may try the option upright, which will try to adjust its size to more desirable size by reducing the height instead the width. The alternative is to specify the desired maximum height (in pixels) explicitly.

Note that by writing thumb={filename}, you can use a different image for the thumbnail.

Size and Frame

Among different formats, the effect of the size parameter may be different, as shown below.

• When the format is not specified, or only bordered, the size can be both reduced and enlarged.
• An image with frame always ignores the size specification.
• The size of an image with thumb and frameless can be reduced, but can not be enlarged beyond the original size of the image.

For how it appears when its size is not specified, see Format section above.

Horizontal alignment

Note that when using frame or thumb[nail], the default alignment will be right.

Description	You type	You get
no horizontal alignment specified, or default alignment Rendered as a floatting block: no Rendered inline: yes	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|100px|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
specify horizontal alignment as: none Rendered as a floatting block: no Rendered inline: no	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|none|100px|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text caption text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
specify horizontal alignment as: center Rendered as a floatting block: no Rendered inline: no	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|center|100px|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text caption text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
specify horizontal alignment as: left Rendered as a floatting block: yes Rendered inline: yes	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|left|100px|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text caption text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
specify horizontal alignment as: right Rendered as a floatting block: yes Rendered inline: yes	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|right|100px|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text caption text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

Vertical alignment

The vertical alignment options take effect only if the image is rendered as an inline element and is not floatting. They alter the way the inlined image will be vertically aligned with the text present in the same block before and/or after this image on the same rendered row.

Note that the rendered line of text where inline images are inserted may be moved down (this will increase the line-height conditionnally by additional line spacing, just as it may occur with spans of text with variable font sizes, or with superscripts and subscripts) to allow the image height to be fully displayed with this alignment constraint.

<p style="border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF0;padding:0;font-size:150%;line-height:2">
<span style="background:#FFF;color:#000;text-decoration:overline"><u><del>text</del>
'''top:''' [[File:Example.jpg|20px|top]] [[File:Example.jpg|40px|top]]
<del>text</del></u></span></p>

<p style="border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF0;padding:0;font-size:150%;line-height:2">
<span style="background:#FFF;color:#000;text-decoration:overline"><u><del>text</del>
'''text-top:''' [[File:Example.jpg|20px|text-top]] [[File:Example.jpg|40px|text-top]]
<del>text</del></u></span></p>

<p style="border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF0;padding:0;font-size:150%;line-height:2">
<span style="background:#FFF;color:#000;text-decoration:overline"><u><del>text</del>
<sup>super:</sup>[[File:Example.jpg|20px|super]] [[File:Example.jpg|40px|super]]
<del>text</del></u></span></p>

<p style="border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF0;padding:0;font-size:150%;line-height:2">
<span style="background:#FFF;color:#000;text-decoration:overline"><u><del>text</del>
'''baseline:''' [[File:Example.jpg|20px|baseline]] [[File:Example.jpg|40px|baseline]]
<del>text</del></u></span></p>

<p style="border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF0;padding:0;font-size:150%;line-height:2">
<span style="background:#FFF;color:#000;text-decoration:overline"><u><del>text</del>
<sub>'''sub:'''</sub> [[File:Example.jpg|20px|sub]] [[File:Example.jpg|40px|sub]]
<del>text</del></u></span></p>

<p style="border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF0;padding:0;font-size:150%;line-height:2">
<span style="background:#FFF;color:#000;text-decoration:overline"><u><del>text</del>
'''default:''' [[File:Example.jpg|20px]][[File:Example.jpg|40px]]
<del>text</del></u></span></p>

<p style="border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF0;padding:0;font-size:150%;line-height:2">
<span style="background:#FFF;color:#000;text-decoration:overline"><u><del>text</del>
'''middle:''' [[File:Example.jpg|20px|middle]] [[File:Example.jpg|40px|middle]]
<del>text</del></u></span></p>

<p style="border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF0;padding:0;font-size:150%;line-height:2">
<span style="background:#FFF;color:#000;text-decoration:overline"><u><del>text</del>
'''text-bottom:''' [[File:Example.jpg|20px|text-bottom]] [[File:Example.jpg|40px|text-bottom]]
<del>text</del></u></span></p>

<p style="border:1px solid #AAA;background:#FF0;padding:0;font-size:150%;line-height:2">
<span style="background:#FFF;color:#000;text-decoration:overline"><u><del>text</del>
'''bottom:'' [[File:Example.jpg|20px|bottom]] [[File:Example.jpg|40px|bottom]]
<del>text</del></u></span></p>

results in (the text spans are overlined and underlined, the line-height is increased to 200% of the font-height, the font-height is emphasized with a yellow background covering the line margins, and the full line-height is shown with a dark gray border, to show the result more clearly):

text top: text

text text-top: text

text ^super: text

text baseline: text

text _sub: text

text default: text

text middle: text

text text-bottom: text

text bottom: text

Notes:

1. The "middle" vertical alignment position of the image (which is also the default) usually refers to the middle between the x-height and the baseline of the text (on which the vertical middle of the image will be aligned, and on which usually the text may be overstroke), but not to the middle of the line-height of the font-height that refers to the space between the "text-top" and "text-bottom" positions ; the font-height excludes:
   • the additional line separation spacing normally divided equally into two line-margins (here 0.5em, according to line-height set to 200%) above and below the font-height).
   • the additional line spacing which may be added by superscripts and subscripts.
2. However, if the image height causes its top or bottom position to go above or below the normal full line-height of text, the middle position will be adjusted after the increasing the top and/or bottom line-margins so that the image can fit and align properly, and all images (including those with smaller heights) will be vertically centered on the adjusted middle position (for computing the effective line-height, the text of each rendered row with the larger font-height will be considered).
3. The "text-top" and "text-bottom" alignment positions also excludes the extra line spacing added by superscripts and subscripts, but not the additional line-spacing defined by the line-height.
4. The "top" and "bottom" alignment positions take into account all these extra line spacings (including superscripts and subscripts, if they are present in a rendered line span). When the image alignment constrains the image to grow above or below the normal line-spacing, and the image is not absolutely positioned, the image will cause the "top" and "bottom" positions to be adjusted (just like superscripts and supscripts), so the effective line-height between rendered lines of text will be higher.
5. The "underline", "overline" and "overstrike" text-decoration positions should be somewhere within these two limits and may depend on the type and height of fonts used (the superscript and subscript styles may be taken into account in some browsers, but usually these styles are ignored and the position of these decorations may not be adjusted); so these decorations normally don't affect the vertical position of images, relatively to the text.

Stopping text flow

On occasion it is desirable to stop text from flowing around a floatting image. Depending on the web browser's screen resolution and such, text flow on the right side of an image may cause a section header (for instance, == My Header ==) to appear to the right of the image, instead of below it, as a user may expect. The text flow can be stopped by placing <br style="clear: both" /> before the text that should start below the floatting image.

Link

The following table shows how to alter the link target (whose default is the image description page) or how to remove it. Changing the link does not alter the format described in the previous sections.

Description	You type	You get
internal link	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|link=Main Page|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
external link	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|link=http://wikipedia.org|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
no link (external or file page)	... text text text [[File:example.jpg|link=|caption]] text text text ...	text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

Gallery of images

It's easy to make a gallery of thumbnails only, not other images, with the <gallery> tag. The syntax is:

<gallery>
Image:file_name.ext|caption
Image:file_name.ext|caption
{...}
</gallery>

Note that the image code is not enclosed in brackets when enclosed in gallery tags.

Captions are optional, and may contain wiki links or other formatting.

for example:

<gallery>
File:Example.jpg|Item 1
File:Example.jpg|a link to [[Help:Contents]]
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg| ''italic caption''
File:Example.jpg|on page "{{PAGENAME}}"
</gallery>

is formatted as:

• 

  Item 1

• 

  a link to Help:Contents

• 
• 
• 

  italic caption

• 

  on page "Images"

Parameters

The gallery tag itself takes several additional parameters:

<gallery {parameters}>
{images}
</gallery>

• caption={caption}: sets a caption on the gallery.
• widths={width}px: sets the widths of the images. Note the plural, widths
• heights={heights}px: sets the (max) heights of the images.
• perrow={integer}: sets the number of images per row.

Example:

Coding:

<gallery widths=60px heights=60px perrow=7 caption="sunflowers are groovy">
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
File:Example.jpg
</gallery>

Result:

• sunflowers are groovy
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

Links

Link to description page

If you put a colon (:) before File:, the image will not be embedded and the link will lead to the description page of the file.

[[:File:MediaWiki:Image sample]]
[[:File:MediaWiki:Image sample|Sunflowers]]

results in

[[:File:MediaWiki:Image sample]] [[:File:MediaWiki:Image sample|Sunflowers]]

Link to another page

This will make a 50px width picture with a link to the page MediaWiki:

[[File:Wiki.png|50px|link=MediaWiki]]

File:Wiki.png

Link directly to file

You can use the pseudo-namespace “Media” to link directly to a file, bypassing the description page.

[[Media:MediaWiki:Image sample]]
[[Media:MediaWiki:Image sample|Sunflowers]]

results in

[[Media:MediaWiki:Image sample]] [[Media:MediaWiki:Image sample|Sunflowers]]

You can also use: 

[[Special:FilePath/MediaWiki:Image sample]]

which can be used to link to a potential file, even if it doesn't exist. You can also use:

{{FILEPATH:MediaWiki:Image sample}}

which generates an external URL to the file inline:

Requisites

Before using images in your page, the system administrator of your wiki must have enabled file uploads and a user has to upload the file. System administrators may also set the wiki to accept files from foreign repositories, such as the Wikimedia Commons. For server side image resizing it is necessary to have a scaler configured (such as GD2, ImageMagick, etc.).

Files at other websites

You can link to an external file available online using the same syntax used for linking to an external web page.

[http://url.for/some/image.png]

Or with different text:

[http://url.for/some/image.png link text here]

If it is enabled on your wiki (see Manual:$wgAllowExternalImages), you can also embed external images. To do that, simply insert the image's url:

http://url.for/some/image.png

Language:	English